Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) enables the detection of deletion and duplications of single and multiple exons within a given gene (PMID: 20938835). It is a semi-quantitative technique to determine relative copy number using a multiplex PCR-based reaction. Only hybridized and ligated adjacent probe oligonucleotides are amplified by PCR, and thus are specific for the sequence of interest. This test involves copy number analysis of GBA gene. Reciprocal exchanges between GBA and its pseudogene will be missed in this test. This assay should be used in conjunction with sequence analysis.

Gaucher disease is associated with accumulation of harmful lipids throughout the body. There are 5 types of Gaucher disease. Type 1 Gaucher disease is the most common form, with a variable age of onset and symptom severity. Symptoms typically include hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, easy bruising, lung disease, and bone abnormalities. Type 2 and Type 3 Gaucher disease both affect the central nervous system and symptoms typically include the symptoms of Type 1 Gaucher disease plus abnormal eye movements, seizures, and brain damage. Type 2 Gaucher disease typically onsets in infancy and rapidly progresses, while Type 3 Gaucher disease typically progresses slower. The perinatal lethal form of Gaucher disease has symptom onset during pregnancy or in early infancy. Symptoms include hydrops fetalis, ichthyosis, skin abnormalities, hepatosplenomegaly, distinct facial features, and severe neurological problems. Death usually occurs a few days after birth. The cardiovascular form of Gaucher disease typically show symptoms of calcified heart valves, eye abnormalities, bone disease, and splenomegaly. The incidence of Gaucher disease is estimated to be ~ 1 in 50,000.

This is a MLPA based assay for the detection of large deletions/duplications and some frequent point mutations in the GBA gene. The MRC-Holland reagent kits and the Applied Biosystem 3730xl DNA Analyzer instrument are used to generate fragment analysis data.