Reproductive hormone extraction from black rhinoceros feces using the Omni micro homogenizer (µHb) and OmniTip plastic generator probes

The black rhinoceros, an endangered species, saw a dramatic decrease in population by more than 97% in the 20th century; however, thanks to conservation efforts, they regained their numbers back to ~ 4,880 individuals by 2010. Animal and community research efforts are an important component of conservation studies aimed at understanding reproductive physiology to further reproductive success of endangered species. We review a study by Freeman et al. focused on the analysis of reproductive hormones, progestagen and androgen, from the feces collected from these animals. The lab collected 231 fecal samples between July 2007 to November 2010, identifying specific animals through anatomical features and ear notching. The samples were processed using a battery-powered handheld rotor-stator homogenizer equipped with disposable plastic probes, making the process suitable for fieldwork.  Hormone was quantified by enzyme immunoassay and subsequently correlated with factors such as season, location, climate, age, and reproductive status. The study found a linear relationship between average monthly temperature and faecal progestagen metabolite concentrations in non-pregnant females, but no such correlation was found between androgen metabolite concentrations in male black rhinos. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to understand and conserve the black rhinoceros population.

For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.